In countries such as France and Germany, layers of bureaucracy like health boards have been specifically engineered to delay the adoption of new medical products and services, thus lowering spending.
In France:
- Reimbursement rates are set by the National Union of Sickness Insurance Funds, a group that also negotiates pay to doctors.
- The Federal Joint Committee regulates reimbursement and restrictions on prescribing.
- The Social Insurance Organization is in charge of setting prices and sets their practice budgets.
- In the past 12 months, the 15 medical products and services that cleared this process spent an average 35 months under 'review'.
"spending can be moderated if diffusion of existing costly services are slowed."
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