The Fed controls the monetary base 100 percent and does so by purchasing and selling assets in the open market. About eight months ago, the Fed [Bernanke] signaled a 180-degree shift in its focus from an anti-inflation position to an anti-deflation position:
- The percentage increase in the monetary base is the largest increase in the past 50 years by a factor of 10; it is so far outside the realm of our prior experiential base that historical comparisons are rendered difficult if not meaningless.
- The currency-in-circulation component of the monetary base -- which prior to the expansion had comprised 95 percent of the monetary base -- has risen by a little less than 10 percent, while bank reserves have increased almost 20-fold.
- Now the currency-in-circulation component of the monetary base is a smidgen less than 50 percent of the monetary base.
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